Skip to content
Kotomora

であれ

Meanings

1

expression

no matter (what, who, etc.); even if

Follows a noun or a question word (e.g., 何, 誰, どこ) to mean 'no matter what/who/where' or 'even if'. Often used in formal or written contexts.

2

expression

whether ... or ...

Used in the pattern ...であれ...であれ to list alternatives, meaning 'whether ... or ...'. Formal and often written.

3

expression

be (imperative)

Imperative form of である, meaning 'be'. Rare and literary; not used in modern conversational Japanese.

See also: である