rhetorical question
A question asked for effect rather than to elicit an answer. Used in grammar and rhetoric contexts.
"Who would do such a thing?" is an example of a rhetorical question.
反語 is a broader rhetorical device that includes rhetorical questions but also other forms of ironic or emphatic expression. 修辞疑問 specifically refers to the question form.
Compound of 修辞 (rhetoric) and 疑問 (question). The term is a direct calque from English 'rhetorical question'.