nation building; state building
Refers to the process of constructing or developing a nation, including its political, economic, and social systems. Often used in historical, political, and developmental contexts.
There were many difficulties in the post-war nation building.
The new president is focusing on nation building.
Common spelling using づくり in kana, widely used in modern contexts.
Kanji spelling 造り is also used, but づくり is more common in contemporary writing.
Compound of 国 (くに, 'country') and 作り (つくり, 'making'), with rendaku voicing つくり → づくり. The term has been used since ancient times, but gained modern prominence in post-war Japan.