vertical international specialization
Economic term referring to the division of production stages across different countries, where each country specializes in a particular stage of the production process.
As vertical international specialization advances, each country specializes in the production stages it excels at.
Vertical specialization in electronics is prominent in Asia.
Horizontal international specialization refers to the division of labor where countries specialize in producing different final goods or services, rather than different stages of the same production process.
Compound of 垂直 (vertical) and 分業 (division of labor), directly translating the English economic term 'vertical international specialization'.