basic science; fundamental science
Refers to scientific research aimed at understanding fundamental principles, as opposed to applied science. Often contrasted with 応用科学 (applied science).
Advances in basic science support technological innovation.
The university focuses on basic science research.
応用科学 is applied science, which uses the principles discovered by 基礎科学 for practical purposes.
Compound of 基礎 (foundation, basis) and 科学 (science). The term is a direct conceptual translation of the English 'basic science'.