parity bit
Computing term; a bit added to a binary data unit to make the total number of 1s either even or odd, used for error detection.
In data transmission, a parity bit is sometimes used to detect errors.
This memory adds a parity bit for each byte.
Synonymous loanword; パリティビット is more common in modern technical documentation, while 奇偶検査ビット is a native Japanese compound used in older or formal contexts.
General term for error detection; 奇偶検査ビット is a specific mechanism within that field.
Compound of 奇偶 (odd-even) + 検査 (check, inspection) + ビット (bit). A calque of English 'parity bit'.