Buddhist scholar; temple researcher; student of Buddhism
Specifically a scholar of Buddhist studies, often affiliated with a temple. The cross-reference to 学生 (がくしょう) suggests a historical or specialized usage.
See also: 学生
He is known as one of the greatest scholars of our time.
Many Buddhist scholars gather at that temple and devote themselves to studying the scriptures.
Compound of 学 (learning) and 匠 (master, artisan). The exact historical derivation is uncertain, but the combination suggests a master of learning or a scholarly authority.