conscript; draftee; inductee
A soldier who has been called up for military service, typically through conscription. The term is formal and often used in historical or legal contexts.
During the war, many young men were sent to the front as conscripts.
志願兵 is a volunteer soldier, contrasting with 応召兵 which implies compulsory service.
Compound of 応召 (ōshō, 'responding to a call-up') + 兵 (hei, 'soldier'). The term is straightforward and reflects its components.