Refers to the military police force, especially in historical contexts such as the Imperial Japanese Army's Kempeitai. In modern contexts, may refer to military police in general.
戦時中、憲兵が町の治安を維持していた。
During the war, the military police maintained public order in the town.
He was arrested by the military police on suspicion of being a spy.
He belongs to the military police corps.
Military police were patrolling around the station.
憲兵 is the general Japanese word for military police (often historical or domestic forces), while ＭＰ usually refers specifically to US military police.
憲兵 (military police) and 民兵 (militia/militiaman) both end in 兵 and sound similar, but 憲兵 enforces military law within a regular army while 民兵 is a citizen force outside it.
military police corps; regiment of military policemen
From Middle Chinese 憲兵 (xiànbīng, 'military police'), composed of 憲 ('law, regulation') and 兵 ('soldier'). The term was adopted in Japanese to refer to the military police force, particularly the Kempeitai of the Imperial Japanese Army.