metonym
A linguistics term for a word or expression used as a metonym, where one thing is referred to by the name of something closely associated with it.
A 'metonym' refers to a word like 'White House' when it stands for the U.S. government.
From 換 (かん, 'exchange') + 喩 (ゆ, 'metaphor') + 語 (ご, 'word'). A modern technical term in linguistics.