時じ艱かん

noun

hardships of the times; difficulties peculiar to an age

A formal, literary noun referring to the collective hardships or problems that characterize a particular historical period. Rare in everyday speech; found mainly in older or elevated writing.

• 彼かれの著ちょ作さくは、幕ばく末まつの時じ艱かんを克こく明めいに描えがいている。

  His writings vividly depict the hardships of the late Edo period.