noun
main subject; main discourse; body of an argument
Refers to the central topic or the main part of a speech, essay, or discussion, as opposed to the introduction or conclusion.
前置きはこれくらいにして、本論に入りましょう。
Let's stop the preliminaries and get to the main subject.
論文の本論で、筆者は三つの根拠を挙げている。
In the body of the paper, the author presents three pieces of evidence.
noun
this subject; the matter at hand
Used to refer to the topic currently under discussion, often in formal or written contexts. Can be replaced by 本題 in many cases.
本論に戻りますが、先ほどの提案についてご意見をお聞かせください。
Returning to the matter at hand, please share your thoughts on the earlier proposal.
結論 is the conclusion, the final part after 本論.
Compound of 本 (main) and 論 (argument, discourse). The reading ほんろん is the standard on'yomi combination.