Medical term for the branch of dentistry dealing with the correction of irregularities of the teeth and jaws.
Orthodontics is a treatment method for improving tooth alignment.
歯列矯正 is a more common term for orthodontic treatment, while 歯牙矯正術 is a formal, technical term.
Compound of 歯牙 (teeth) + 矯正 (correction) + 術 (technique, art). A technical term likely coined in the modern era for the medical field.