Refers to the geographical area under a ruler's control; often used in historical or political contexts.
江戸幕府の版図は広大だった。
The territory of the Edo shogunate was vast.
版図 is a literary, often historical word for the extent of a ruler's or empire's domain, while 領土 is the standard modern term for a state's sovereign land.
A Sino-Japanese compound from 版, referring to official registers or records, and 図, “maps.” Together they denoted the registers and maps defining a ruler’s domain, and hence the territory itself.