phylogenetic tree; evolutionary tree; dendrogram
Technical term used in biology, linguistics, and other fields to show evolutionary or genealogical relationships in a branching diagram. Also used metaphorically for any branching classification.
This phylogenetic tree shows the evolutionary path of mammals.
Drawing a family tree of languages reveals their common ancestor.
樹形図 is a more general term for any tree diagram, not necessarily implying evolutionary or genealogical relationships.
Compound of 系統 (lineage, system) and 樹 (tree), literally 'lineage tree'. The term is a calque from Western scientific terminology.