Academic term for the linguistic study of sentence structure. Used in linguistics contexts.
He is majoring in syntax at university.
From a syntactic perspective, this sentence is ungrammatical.
構文論 is a near-synonym also meaning syntax, but 統語学 is more common in modern linguistics.
Compound of 統語 (tōgo, 'syntax', literally 'governing words') + 学 (-gaku, 'study'). The term is a modern coinage for the linguistic field.