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難ずる (なんずる) Japanese meaning | Kotomora
Meanings 1
zuru verb, transitive verb
criticize ; find fault with ; speak ill of
A somewhat formal or literary transitive verb meaning to criticize or disparage someone or something. Often interchangeable with 難じる (なんじる), of which it is a variant.
See also: 難じる
He does nothing but criticize other people's work and never does anything himself.
Written forms 難なん ずる Usage 45%
Standard kanji spelling for this zuru-verb.
なんずる Usage 55%
Kana spelling is acceptable, especially in informal writing or when the kanji is considered difficult.
Kanji 難 difficult, impossible, trouble Similar words 難なん じる 難じる is the more common -jiru form of the same verb. 難ずる is a variant used in formal or literary contexts.
批ひ 判はん する 批判する is a more general and common word for 'criticize'. 難ずる is more specific to pointing out faults or speaking ill of someone.
非ひ 難なん する 非難する means 'to blame' or 'to condemn', often with a stronger moral connotation than 難ずる.
Etymology The verb 難ずる is derived from the noun 難 (なん, 'difficulty' or 'fault') combined with the verbalizing suffix ずる, a variant of じる. The exact historical development is uncertain, but it follows a pattern seen in other Sino-Japanese verbs.
