難
difficult, impossible, trouble, accident, defect
Readings
On'yomi
- ナン
Kun'yomi
- かた.い
- -がた.い
- むずか.しい
- むづか.しい
- むつか.しい
- -にく.い
Nanori
- な
- なに
Meaning
難 centers on things being hard to do or deal with: difficulty, trouble, accidents, and defects. The sense of 'impossible' is an extreme degree of difficulty.
Most common words using 難
24 of 315- 有難うありがとうN4
thank you; thanks
- 難しいむずかしいN5
difficult; hard; troublesome; complicated; serious (disease, problem, etc.)
- 困難こんなんN3
difficulty; hardship; trouble; distress
- 避難ひなんN2
taking refuge; finding shelter; evacuation; escape; seeking safe haven
- 有難いありがたいN2
grateful; thankful; welcome; appreciated; evoking gratitude
- 非難ひなんN2
criticism; blame; censure; attack; reproach
- 難易なんいN1
(relative) difficulty
- 難なんN1
difficulty; trouble; hardship; shortage
- 難いかたいN1
difficult; hard
- 難民なんみんN1
refugee; displaced person
- 難波なにわ
Naniwa (former name for Osaka region)
- 無難ぶなんN2
safe (e.g. choice); secure; innocuous; inoffensive
- 盗難とうなんN2
theft; robbery
- 遭難そうなんN1
(meeting with) disaster; (having an) accident; mishap; shipwreck; distress
- 難点なんてんN1
fault; weakness; flaw; defect; drawback; disadvantage
- 難病なんびょう
serious disease; intractable disease; difficult-to-recover-from illness
- 難聴なんちょう
hardness of hearing; bradyacusia; deafness; hearing loss
- 難関なんかんN1
barrier; obstacle; difficulty; hurdle; deadlock
- 難解なんかいN1
difficult to understand; unintelligible; abstruse
- 災難さいなんN2
calamity; misfortune; disaster
- 苦難くなん
suffering; distress; hardship; trial
- 難題なんだい
difficult problem; challenge
- 難航なんこうN1
difficult voyage; stormy passage; hard flight
- 難問なんもんN1
perplexity; difficult question; difficult problem
Study
Etymology
難 is a phono-semantic compound. The left side originally depicted a bird with a crest, and the right side 隹 is a short-tailed bird. Together they expressed the idea of a bird being caught or in difficulty, later extended to general hardship.
Meaning mnemonic
The left side looks like a tangled mess, and the right side 隹 is a bird. Imagine a bird caught in a net or thorny bush, struggling and finding it difficult to escape.
Reading mnemonic
For ナン, imagine a difficult situation where you have no bread, only naan: naan -> ナン, and the difficulty is that you're stuck with just flatbread.