Formal or literary negative copula; equivalent to ではない or ではないか in modern Japanese. Often used in set phrases or classical-style expressions.
What he says is not the truth.
does not exist; there is no
Formal or literary existential negative; equivalent to ない or 存在しない. Often used in philosophical or poetic contexts.
Perfect justice does not exist in this world.
Rare kanji form for the negative sense; mostly found in classical or highly formal writing.
Rare kanji form for the existential negative sense; mostly found in classical or highly formal writing.
Classical Japanese negative form of あり (to be), combining あら (未然形 of あり) with the negative auxiliary ず. Used in modern Japanese only in formal or literary contexts.