p-value
Statistical term used in hypothesis testing; the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
In this study, a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
We should report effect sizes as well, not just rely on p-values.
Full-width 'p' variant; both half-width and full-width forms are seen.
Katakana spelling of the 'p' part; less common but understandable.
Borrowed from English 'p-value', where 'p' stands for 'probability'. The Japanese form combines the letter 'p' with 値 (value).