Kotomora
JLPT N1ConstructionWritten
Furigana

にしてBoth; simultaneously

にして presents one person or thing as having two roles, statuses, or qualities at the same time. It is a compact, rhetorical equivalent of “both A and B.”

One subject, two descriptions

The central idea is simultaneous classification: the expression before and after にして must both apply to one shared subject. The pair may be naturally compatible, or it may bring together qualities that create a striking or unexpected contrast.

Compatible and striking pairs

A profile often combines two professional roles, while descriptive prose often uses the construction to balance two qualities.

かのじょけんきゅうしゃにしてぎょうであり、りょうじゅつじつようすすめている。

She is both a researcher and an entrepreneur, and is working to put medical technology into practical use.

Analyze

The two compatible professional roles belong to the same person.

このけんちくかんにしてそうごんであり、おとずれるものふかしずけさをかんじさせる。

This building is both simple and majestic, giving visitors a profound sense of stillness.

Analyze

The balanced pair gives the description a deliberate, literary force.

Why choose this form?

Simple linkage with or であり can state the same basic facts more neutrally. Choose にして when the pairing itself deserves attention—for example, when presenting an impressive combination of roles or balancing two apparently contrasting qualities.

Distinguishing similar constructions

The same-looking にして can follow an age, time, stage, or count and emphasize when something notable happens. That is a separate use: here, the material on both sides names concurrent roles or qualities. Also distinguish ねて, which says that an activity or thing serves an additional purpose; the present construction directly describes one subject in two ways.

More examples

かれほんやくにしてへんしゅうしゃであり、おおくのかいがいぶんがく日本にほんしょうかいした。

He was both a translator and an editor, and introduced a great deal of foreign literature to Japan.

Analyze

そのはんだんれいせいにしてだんだった。

The decision was both calm and decisive.

Analyze

このしょうせつ家族かぞく物語ものがたりにしてひとつのだいうつろくでもある。

This novel is both a family story and a record reflecting an era.

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しんかんしょかんにしていきこうりゅうきょてんでもある。

The new building is both a library and a center for community interaction.

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かのじょけいえいしゃにしてじゅくれんじゅつしゃであり、いまみずかせいひんかいはつたずさわっている。

She is both a business leader and a skilled engineer, and still takes part in product development herself.

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このろんたんじゅんにしておくぶか

This theory is both simple and profound.

Analyze