Kotomora
JLPT N1ConstructionWritten
Furigana

さかいWith ... as a dividing point

さかい treats an event, date, age, or other turning point as a boundary: the situation after it is distinctly different from the situation before it.

A boundary between two phases

The important idea is not simply that one event happened after another. The boundary marks a change in state, tendency, behavior, or phase. The earlier condition may be stated directly, or it may be obvious from context, but the sentence should invite a real before-and-after contrast.

Clear before-and-after changes

それまでよこばいだったすうは、2019ねんさかいきゅうぞうした。

The number of vacant homes, which had previously been stable, rose sharply from 2019 onward.

Analyze

The date divides a stable period from a period of rapid growth.

退たいしょくまえごとちゅうしんだったちちは、退たいしょくさかいいきかつどうせっきょくてきさんするようになった。

Before retiring, my father centered his life on work; after retirement, he began actively participating in community activities.

Analyze

Retirement marks the start of a lasting change in his way of life.

チームはけっしょうでのはいぼくさかいこうげきちゅうしんからしゅじゅうせんじゅつわった。

The team's defeat in the final marked a shift from an attack-centered approach to a defense-focused strategy.

Analyze

The longer form

だいがくそつぎょうさかいにしてまいしゅうっていたなかとのれんらくねんすうかいほどになった。

After university graduation became the dividing point, contact with the friends I had seen every week dropped to only a few times a year.

Analyze

さかいにして frames graduation explicitly as the boundary between two continuing patterns.

Boundary, opportunity, or starting point?

さかい emphasizes the line separating two periods. instead presents an event as an occasion or opportunity for beginning something; a sharp contrast between the earlier and later periods is not required. らい means that something has continued since an event, but it does not by itself emphasize a qualitative break.

かいがいにんげんれきまなはじめた。

I took my overseas assignment as an opportunity to begin studying local history.

Analyze

This neighboring construction highlights the opportunity that prompted the action, rather than a boundary dividing two periods.

More examples

それまでつづけていたしんせいけんすうは、しんせいどうにゅうさかいげんしょうてんじた。

Applications had continued to rise, but began declining after the introduction of the new system.

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はるたいかいさかいかのじょせいせきあんていしてじょうたもつようになった。

After the spring tournament marked a turning point, her results stabilized and she began consistently placing near the top.

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しをさかいくるまちゅうしんせいかつからこうきょうこうつう使つかせいかつわった。

Moving marked a change from a car-centered lifestyle to one based on public transportation.

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さいこうろくたっせいさかいせんしゅ調ちょうじょじょこうはじめた。

After reaching a personal best, the athlete's form gradually began to decline.

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だいさいがいさかいいきぼうさいしきおおきくへんした。

The major disaster marked a substantial change in the community's approach to disaster preparedness.

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さんじゅっさいさかいけんこうかんぜんよりしきするようになった。

Turning thirty marked the point when I became more conscious of managing my health.

Analyze
を境に (osakaini) – With ... as a dividing point