Kotomora
JLPT N1Suffix
Furigana

ずくめAll of one kind

ずくめ says that a set, appearance, or run of events consists entirely or overwhelmingly of one kind. It can describe something positive, negative, or neutral.

Uniformity, not just a large number

The attached noun identifies the single kind that dominates the whole set. With colors, it describes a uniformly colored appearance; with events or circumstances, it presents the whole experience as one uninterrupted run of the same kind.

かれぼうからくつまでくろずくめだった。

He was dressed entirely in black, from his hat to his shoes.

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くろずくめ is a well-established combination for an all-black appearance.

Positive and negative runs of events

The suffix itself does not express approval or disapproval. That judgment comes from the noun before it.

今年ことししょうしん結婚けこんにと、いいことずくめいちねんだった。

This was a year full of good things, including a promotion and a marriage.

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このいっしゅうかんは、ざんぎょうたい調ちょうりょうでんしゃえんと、さいなんずくめだった。

This past week was one misfortune after another: overtime, poor health, and train delays.

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Describing a person, group, or period

Add when the whole expression directly describes a following noun.

そのえいしんじんずくめせいさくチームによってつくられた。

The film was made by a production team composed almost entirely of newcomers.

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Uniform sets, unwanted instances, and physical coating

ずくめ presents the whole set as uniformly or overwhelmingly one kind. だらけ instead emphasizes numerous unwanted things, such as errors or scratches, while まみれ describes physical coating or contamination by a substance such as mud or blood. ばかり can also mean “nothing but,” but it works in a wider range of sentence patterns and does not carry the same set-expression flavor.

More examples

はいゆうじゅしょうしきしろずくめしょうあらわれた。

The actor appeared at the awards ceremony dressed entirely in white.

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あたらしいしょくは、たいぐうかんきょういいことずくめおもえた。

The new workplace seemed full of advantages, from the conditions to the environment.

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かいぎょうちょくからもんだいあいぎ、うんずくめしゅっぱつとなった。

Problems followed one after another immediately after opening, making it an ill-fated start.

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りょかんでは、おんせんにごちそうにと、けっこうずくめきゅうじつごした。

At the inn, we enjoyed a delightful holiday complete with hot springs and feasts.

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こんかいかくしんじんずくめだが、はっそうにはいきおいがある。

This project is staffed almost entirely by newcomers, but its ideas have real energy.

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なにもかもがいいことずくめというはなしには、すこちゅうしたほうがいい。

You should be a little cautious about claims that everything is entirely advantageous.

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