Kotomora
JLPT N2ConstructionWritten
Furigana

のぞいてExcluding; except for

のぞいて explicitly removes a named person, item, date, case, or factor from a larger set, rule, or calculation.

Make the larger set clear

The listener or reader should be able to identify both the excluded noun and the larger group or rule from which it is excluded. The rest of the sentence normally states what applies after that exception has been removed.

Typical exclusions

The construction works naturally with dates, people, costs, and factors when the containing set is explicit.

はちがつじゅうさんにちのぞいてまどぐちなつやすちゅうつうじょうどおりいています。

Except for August 13, the service counter will remain open as usual during the summer break.

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調ちょうチームのメンバーは、とうさんをのぞいてぜんいんかいしゅっせきしました。

Every member of the research team except Ms. Sato attended the meeting.

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そうりょうのぞしょうひんごうけいがくいちまんせんえんです。

Excluding shipping, the merchandise total is 12,000 yen.

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のぞ gives the calculation a compact, formal tone.

ねんれいのぞいてけっえいきょうしたよういんかくにんされませんでした。

Apart from age, no factors affecting the results were identified.

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Careful spoken use

おそりますが、かんけいしゃのぞいて、このさきにはおはいりいただけません。

I am sorry, but no one except authorized personnel may enter beyond this point.

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The explicit exception fits careful speech in a formal setting.

Formal rules

きんきゅうあいのぞしんせいへんこうみとめられない。

Changes after submission are not permitted except in emergencies.

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Choosing the right exclusion expression

のぞいて explicitly removes something from a defined set, calculation, or rule and has a written-leaning tone. がい is the broader, more neutral way to identify what is outside a set. きで instead focuses on carrying out an activity without an element, often because that element has intentionally been omitted.

More examples

しゅくじつのぞいてまどぐちへいじつえいぎょうしています。

Except on public holidays, the service counter is open on weekdays.

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いんちょうのぞかくいんにはいっぴょうあたえられる。

Each committee member, excluding the chair, is given one vote.

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ぜいのぞいて宿しゅくはくいっぱくはっせんえんです。

Excluding tax, accommodation costs 8,000 yen per night.

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てんこうのぞいてぎょうおくれにつながるよういんたりません。

Apart from the weather, we can find no factors likely to delay the work.

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こくないでは、ほっかいどうのぞはいそうにはふつほどかかります。

Within Japan, delivery takes about two days except to Hokkaido.

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このいっけんのぞいて今年ことしじゅうだいきていません。

Except for this one case, no serious accidents have occurred this year.

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