Kotomora
JLPT N3Suffix
Furigana

れないCannot finish or exhaust

れない follows a verb stem and says that an action cannot be completed or that a quantity, task, or feeling cannot be fully exhausted.

The endpoint matters

The first verb must describe something with a clear or imaginable endpoint: finishing a book, eating a fixed amount, answering every question, or fully overcoming a feeling. The action may be possible in part; れない says that reaching the end exceeds the available time, strength, capacity, or emotional readiness.

Tasks, quantities, and feelings

Notice that each sentence makes the limiting obstacle or capacity clear.

このりょう一人ひとりではれません

One person cannot finish this much food.

Analyze

The fixed amount is too large for one person to finish.

りまでにりょうれなかった

I couldn't finish reading the material by the deadline.

Analyze

The deadline prevented completion of a bounded task.

じゅうねんつづけたゆめを、かんたんにはあきられない

I can't completely give up a dream I've pursued for ten years.

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This established abstract use presents giving up as an emotional process that cannot yet be carried through completely.

Before a noun

れない can directly modify a noun, often describing an amount or task that exceeds someone's capacity.

一人ひとりではしょれないりょうわせがとどいた。

We received more inquiries than one person could process completely.

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しょれない modifies the amount of inquiries.

Completion versus inability to complete

presents the endpoint as reached. Its negative potential form, れない, presents that endpoint as beyond the subject's capacity.

かのじょながしょうせつみっった

She finished reading the long novel in three days.

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This is the positive completion form: the whole novel was read.

More examples

さんしゃおおすぎて、ぜんいんしつもんこたれなかった

There were too many participants, so I couldn't answer everyone's questions.

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このおおきさのピザは、二人ふたりでもれない

Even two people can't finish a pizza this size.

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みじかめんせつだけでは、かれじつりょくはんだんれない

A short interview alone is not enough to fully assess his ability.

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のこかんでは、すべてのデータをかくにんれません

We cannot finish checking all the data in the time remaining.

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さいろうことではかたれない

The hardships in the disaster area cannot be fully expressed in words.

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もつおおすぎて、くるまいちだいにはれない

There is too much luggage to fit it all into one car.

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切れない (kirenai) – Cannot finish or exhaust