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JLPT N4EverydayRegret

ばよかったI wish I had; I should have

Regret: "I wish I had", "I should have". Word for word it is "it would have been good if…", so the verb in front is the thing that didn't happen.

Wish you had

Verb in the ば-form + よかった

行いく → 行いけばよかった, 見みる → 見みればよかった, する → すればよかった, 来くる → 来くればよかった. Polite: よかったです.

Wish you hadn't

Verb in the ない-form: ない → なければ + よかった

言いわない → 言いわなければよかった. In conversation なければ is often なきゃ: 言いわなきゃよかった.

Things you didn't do

Mostly it is about your own choices, and often you are talking to yourself.

The hotel was fully booked. I wish I had made a reservation.

ておけばよかった, "should have done it beforehand", is one you will say often. In conversation: 予よ約やくしとけばよかった.

Things you did: なければよかった

Relief or regret: てよかった and ばよかった

They look alike and mean opposite things.

I caught the train. I'm glad I left early.

Relief. You did leave early, and you're glad.

I missed the train. I wish I had left earlier.

Regret. You didn't leave early, and you wish you had.

What happenedRelief: てよかったRegret: ばよかった
You went行いってよかった I'm glad I went行いかなければよかった I wish I hadn't gone
You didn't go行いかなくてよかった I'm glad I didn't go行いけばよかった I wish I had gone

With てよかった the verb says what happened. With ばよかった it says what didn't.

About someone else: ばよかったのに

About another person's choice, のに often follows: "you should have…". It can be kind: you would have helped, or wanted them there. It can also be blame.

Close neighbours

てよかったN4

The opposite feeling: it happened, and you're glad.

たほうがよかったN5

Also "should have". It weighs one choice against another; ばよかった says you are sorry.

ばいいのにN3

The same wish before it is too late. English "I wish" covers both; ばよかった is only for what is over.

はずだN4

English "should have" can also be a guess: "it should have arrived by now". That is はず, not regret.

Check yourself

1Did this person buy the jacket?

あのジャケット、買かえばよかった。

Choose an answer to see why.

2Which one fits?

この店みせの料りょう理り、おいしくないね。別べつの店みせに(  )よかった。

Choose an answer to see why.

More detail

たらよかった

たら does the same job.

With an adjective

い becomes ければ.

Three ways to say "should have"

You are walking home in the rain with no umbrella. Three forms come out as "I should have".

I should have brought an umbrella.

You are sorry you didn't.

I should have brought an umbrella.

It would have been the better choice.

I should have brought an umbrella.

It was the right thing to do, and you didn't. The heaviest of the three.

More sentences