ばよかったI wish I had; I should have
Regret: "I wish I had", "I should have". Word for word it is "it would have been good if…", so the verb in front is the thing that didn't happen.
you didn't
I wish I had gone to bed earlier last night.
you did
I wish I hadn't said that in the meeting.
Wish you had
Verb in the ば-form + よかった
行く → 行けばよかった, 見る → 見ればよかった, する → すればよかった, 来る → 来ればよかった. Polite: よかったです.
Wish you hadn't
Verb in the ない-form: ない → なければ + よかった
言わない → 言わなければよかった. In conversation なければ is often なきゃ: 言わなきゃよかった.
Things you didn't do
Mostly it is about your own choices, and often you are talking to yourself.
I wandered around for an hour trying to reach the station. I wish I had asked for directions at the start.
I wish I had said thank you then.
Oh, rain. I should have brought an umbrella.
The hotel was fully booked. I wish I had made a reservation.
ておけばよかった, "should have done it beforehand", is one you will say often. In conversation: 予約しとけばよかった.
Things you did: なければよかった
I couldn't get to sleep until late last night. I wish I hadn't had coffee in the evening.
I wish I hadn't watched this film.
Relief or regret: てよかった and ばよかった
They look alike and mean opposite things.
I caught the train. I'm glad I left early.
Relief. You did leave early, and you're glad.
I missed the train. I wish I had left earlier.
Regret. You didn't leave early, and you wish you had.
| What happened | Relief: て | Regret: ば |
|---|---|---|
| You went | 行って | 行かなければ |
| You didn't go | 行かなくて | 行けば |
With てよかった the verb says what happened. With ばよかった it says what didn't.
About someone else: ばよかったのに
About another person's choice, のに often follows: "you should have…". It can be kind: you would have helped, or wanted them there. It can also be blame.
That must have been hard. You should have told me.
It was fun. You should have come with us.
See? You should have phoned first.
Close neighbours
てよかったN4
The opposite feeling: it happened, and you're glad.
I'm glad I brought an umbrella. It suddenly started raining.
たほうがよかったN5
Also "should have". It weighs one choice against another; ばよかった says you are sorry.
We should have gone by taxi.
ばいいのにN3
The same wish before it is too late. English "I wish" covers both; ばよかった is only for what is over.
I wish the rain would stop soon.
はずだN4
English "should have" can also be a guess: "it should have arrived by now". That is はず, not regret.
Tanaka said he sent it yesterday, so the email should have arrived by now.
Check yourself
1Did this person buy the jacket?
あの
Choose an answer to see why.
2Which one fits?
この
Choose an answer to see why.
More detail
たらよかった
たら does the same job.
I should have come earlier.
With an adjective
い becomes ければ.
I wish the room had been a little bigger.
Three ways to say "should have"
You are walking home in the rain with no umbrella. Three forms come out as "I should have".
I should have brought an umbrella.
You are sorry you didn't.
I should have brought an umbrella.
It would have been the better choice.
I should have brought an umbrella.
It was the right thing to do, and you didn't. The heaviest of the three.
More sentences
After the trip ended, I thought I should have taken more photos.
I should have taken more photos.
I couldn't remember an important point during the exam. I wish I had taken notes on the teacher's explanation.
I replied without thinking carefully. I wish I hadn't answered immediately.
I wish I had asked for advice sooner.