以上・ 以下or more; or less
以上 is "that number or more", and 以下 is "that number or less". Both include the number itself, which English "more than" and "less than" don't.
Anyone aged 18 or over can take part in this event.
Please keep each group to ten people or fewer.
How to form it
Number + counter + 以上/以下
Before a noun it takes の: 三年以上の経験, "three or more years of experience".
- Before it
- A number with its counter: an age, a price, a score, a size, a head count.
- Where you'll meet it
- Signs, forms, shop offers and weather forecasts, and in conversation too: 一時間以上待ちました, "I waited an hour or more".
The number itself counts
十人以上 starts at ten, where English "more than ten" starts at eleven. To leave the number out, Japanese uses other words.
| Means | Is ten in? | |
|---|---|---|
| 十人以上 | ten or more | Yes |
| 十人より多い | more than ten | No |
| 十人以下 | ten or fewer | Yes |
| 十人未満 | fewer than ten | No |
未満 is the word on signs and forms. より takes the adjective that fits: 千円より高い, "more than 1,000 yen".
No one under 18 may enter.
An eighteen-year-old may.
In use
If you buy two or more books, shipping is free.
To pass, you need to score 80 or higher.
Exactly 80 is a pass.
Tomorrow morning the temperature will probably drop to zero or below.
以上です: that's all
Will that be all?
Staff ask this when you finish ordering. You can answer はい、以上です.
Close neighbours
十万円はN4
は after a number is also "at least", as a rough estimate. 以上 draws an exact line.
Walking to the station takes at least thirty minutes.
After a verb, with no number, it is "now that" or "since".
Now that you have promised, you have to keep your word.
Check yourself
1What does this sign mean?
六歳以下は
Choose an answer to see why.
2What does this mean?
この
Choose an answer to see why.
More detail
これ以上 with a negative is "any more than this": もうこれ以上食べられません, "I can't eat any more".
以内 is "within", and it includes the limit as well: 三日以内に, "within three days".
More sentences
Shipping is free on orders of 5,000 yen or more.
This job requires at least three years of experience.
If there are 20 or more participants, we will book a large room.
I am looking for something that costs 2,000 yen or less.
The participation fee is 3,000 yen or less.
Please keep the attached file to 10 megabytes or less.