からには・ 以上(は)・ 上はnow that; given that
Something is settled: you made a promise, took the job. These three turn it into what has to follow: "now that …, I will", "since you …, you must". What follows is a duty, a resolve, a demand or a firm conclusion, not a plain result.
からには
Now that I have been chosen to represent us, I want to live up to everyone's hopes.
以上
Having signed the contract, you are bound to keep its terms.
上は
Now that it has come to this, there is nothing for it but to rethink the plan from scratch.
からには
Plain form + からには
約束したからには, やるからには. A noun or a な-adjective takes である: 学生であるからには.
以上(は)
Plain form + 以上(は)
約束した以上, できない以上は, 学生である以上. The は is optional.
上は
Verb in the た-form + 上は
Read うえ. Usually after a た-form: 決めた上は, こうなった上は. A dictionary form is possible but rare.
One meaning, three weights
Now that I have taken it on, I will see it through.
The usual one, in speech and in writing.
Now that I have taken it on, I will see it through.
Firmer and more formal: a matter of principle.
Now that I have taken it on, I will see it through.
Stiff and solemn, like a vow. Mostly written.
A duty follows, not a result
The second half says what the fact commits someone to: "I will", "I want to", "you must", "please", "there is no choice but". Or what it proves: "it must be so". What simply happened next takes から or ので.
Now that I have come to Japan, I want to learn to speak Japanese.
Not said: 日本に
(Because I came to Japan, my Japanese got better.)
日本に来たので.
からには
Most at home with your own resolve, and with holding people to their word. When the doing is still ahead, it is "if you're going to …".
If we're going to do this, I want to go for the title.
If you are going to take part, please come properly prepared.
You gave your word, so you can't give up halfway.
以上(は)
It argues from the fact: this being so, that has to follow. Reasoned argument uses it, written or spoken, and so does anyone holding someone to a contract, a rule or a promise. It takes a negative easily: "as long as we can't …".
As long as public money is being used, how it is spent has to be made public.
As long as its safety can't be confirmed, we have no choice but to put off the launch.
Given that all the necessary evidence is there, this judgment can be called sound.
A conclusion, not a duty.
上は
For a decision already made or a point of no return, said with a sense of occasion: speeches, formal statements, period dramas. Among friends it sounds theatrical. こうなった上は is the phrase you'll meet most.
Now that I have taken office as president, I am ready to answer for the company's future.
Now that I have handed in my resignation, I have no intention of changing my mind.
Close neighbours
"After doing, and on that basis". A next step follows, not a duty.
Please check the contents, and then sign.
After a number it is "or more".
Anyone aged 18 or over can take part in this event.
The everyday way to press the same point on someone: you both know the fact, so…
You made a promise, so please see it through to the end.
からこそN3
"Precisely because": it singles out why something is so. からには looks ahead to what must be done.
It's because I care about you that I'm so hard on you.
手前N1
"Having promised, I can't very well…": it is about how backing out would look to others. With からには nobody need be watching.
I said I would go, so I can't very well not go.
Check yourself
1Which one fits?
雨が
Choose an answer to see why.
2What does this mean?
学生である
Choose an answer to see why.
More sentences
Now that I have started, I am not going to give up easily.
Now that I have decided to go out on my own, I can't keep leaning on other people.