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JLPT N5Everyday

ある・いるthere is; to have

Japanese uses two verbs where English uses "there is" and "have". いる is for people and animals. ある is for everything else.

ある (things)いる (people, animals)
isある・ありますいる・います
isn'tない・ありませんいない・いません
wasあった・ありましたいた・いました
wasn'tなかった・ありませんでしたいなかった・いませんでした

The negative of ある is ない. There is no あらない.

Saying what is somewhere

place に + thing が + ある/いる

Saying where something is

thing は + place に + ある/いる

When you both already know which thing you mean, start with it and mark it with は.

The key is on the desk.

You both know the key. You are saying where it is.

So a question about where something is gets the second shape back:

They also mean "have"

Time, money, plans, questions: you have them with ある. Brothers, sisters, children, friends, pets: you have them with いる.

And "there is a … on"

Things that take place use ある too: a test, a meeting, a party, a festival.

One catch. The place where it happens takes で, not に.

Which one? Things people ask

A handy test: if it moves by itself, いる.

There is a large tree in the garden.

Plants are alive, but they stay put: ある.

Oh, there's a taxi!

A taxi or bus with a driver comes and goes, so people often say いる.

Check yourself

1Which one fits?

教きょう室しつに学がく生せいが(  )。

Choose an answer to see why.

2"Do you have time tomorrow?"

明日あした、時じ間かんが(  )か。

Choose an answer to see why.

3Which particle?

体たい育いく館かん(  )コンサートがあります。

Choose an answer to see why.

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