静かだ・
Na-adjectives describe qualities and states. Their sentence endings show whether the description is affirmative or negative, present or past, and plain or polite; directly before a noun, they take な.
Descriptions at the end of a sentence
At the end of a sentence, keep the adjective stem unchanged and select the ending that matches the time, positive or negative meaning, and level of politeness.
The four basic meanings
These examples show nonpast affirmative, nonpast negative, past affirmative, and past negative forms.
この部屋はきれいではありません。
This room is not clean.
Analyzeきれい is a na-adjective even though it ends in the written kana い.
Directly before a noun
When a na-adjective directly describes the noun that follows, add な. Do not use the sentence-final だ in this position.
静かな図書館で勉強します。
I study at a quiet library.
Analyze静か directly describes the following noun, so it becomes 静かな.
Linking one description to another
Use で when the na-adjective is followed by another description in the same sentence. The final description normally carries the tense and politeness ending for the whole sequence.
この公園は広くて、静かで、きれいです。
This park is spacious, quiet, and clean.
Analyze静かで links the description to the one that follows.
More examples
この店は便利です。
This store is convenient.
Analyze駅の近くは静かではない。
The area near the station is not quiet.
Analyze先週の試験は簡単だった。
Last week's test was easy.
Analyze旅行中、ホテルは快適ではありませんでした。
During the trip, the hotel was not comfortable.
Analyze有名な庭を見ました。
I saw a famous garden.
Analyze嫌いな食べ物はありません。
There are no foods that I dislike.
Analyzeこの教室は明るくて、清潔で、使いやすいです。
This classroom is bright, clean, and easy to use.
Analyze