静かだ・ 静かじゃない・ 静かだった・ 静かじゃなかったな-adjectives: is, isn't, was, wasn't
A な-adjective never changes. "Not" and "was" go on the だ or です after it, exactly as after a noun. Before a noun it takes な.
How to form it
静か + だ・じゃない・だった・じゃなかった
Polite: です, じゃないです, でした, じゃなかったです.
Before a noun
静か + な + noun
静かな町, a quiet town.
| Plain | Polite | |
|---|---|---|
| is quiet | 静かだ | 静かです |
| isn't quiet | 静かじゃない | 静かじゃないです |
| was quiet | 静かだった | 静かでした |
| wasn't quiet | 静かじゃなかった | 静かじゃなかったです |
じゃ is the spoken form of では. Writing keeps では: 静かではない, 静かではなかった.
What you'll say and hear
Some of the first things you say and hear are な-adjectives.
How are you?
Your Japanese is good.
I like cats.
English has a verb, "like". Japanese has a な-adjective, so what you like takes が.
With friends the だ is often left off, and a question is asked without it.
Are you okay?
Yeah, I'm fine.
The word stays. だ and です change
I'm not free on Monday.
Last week's test was easy.
The sea was calm yesterday.
When I was a child, I didn't like vegetables.
じゃないです or ではありません?
All of these are polite. じゃないです is the everyday one. じゃありません is more formal, and writing and announcements have ではありません, with the past ではありませんでした.
written, past
During the trip, the hotel was not comfortable.
Before a noun
な goes between the adjective and the noun. Straight before です or だ there is no な.
I saw a famous garden.
There are no foods that I dislike.
Not said: きれい
(What a clean room.)
きれいな部屋ですね.
Not said: この
(This town is quiet.)
静かです.
Which kind is it?
Every い-adjective ends in い, so 静か and 便利 can't be one. The catch is a few な-adjectives that end in い as well. The three you meet first are きれい (pretty, clean), 嫌い (disliked) and 有名 (famous).
This room isn't spacious.
広い is an い-adjective: its ending changes.
This room isn't clean.
きれい is a な-adjective: it stays whole, and じゃない follows.
Not said: この
(This room isn't clean.)
Nor きれくない.
Not said: 花火は
(The fireworks were beautiful.)
きれいでした.
Close neighbours
高い・高くないN5
An い-adjective makes its own "not" and "was", takes no だ, and goes straight before a noun.
I bought new shoes.
Check yourself
1"That shop isn't famous."
あの
Choose an answer to see why.
2Which one fits?
公園に
Choose an answer to see why.
3Which is right?
Choose an answer to see why.
More detail
同じ
同じ (same) is a word of its own kind. It takes だ and じゃない like a な-adjective, but it goes straight before a noun.
My older brother and I work at the same company.
な or の?
Some words that are adjectives in English are nouns in Japanese, and take の: 病気の人, a sick person; 本当の話, a true story.
More sentences
This view is beautiful, isn't it?
This town is quiet.
The area near the station is not quiet.
Long ago, this road was not safe.
This classroom is bright, clean, and easy to use.