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JLPT N5Everyday

静しずかだ・静しずかじゃない・静しずかだった・静しずかじゃなかったな-adjectives: is, isn't, was, wasn't

A な-adjective never changes. "Not" and "was" go on the だ or です after it, exactly as after a noun. Before a noun it takes な.

How to form it

静しずか + だ・じゃない・だった・じゃなかった

Polite: です, じゃないです, でした, じゃなかったです.

Before a noun

静しずか + な + noun

静しずかな町まち, a quiet town.

PlainPolite
is quiet静しずかだ静しずかです
isn't quiet静しずかじゃない静しずかじゃないです
was quiet静しずかだった静しずかでした
wasn't quiet静しずかじゃなかった静しずかじゃなかったです

じゃ is the spoken form of では. Writing keeps では: 静しずかではない, 静しずかではなかった.

What you'll say and hear

Some of the first things you say and hear are な-adjectives.

With friends the だ is often left off, and a question is asked without it.

The word stays. だ and です change

じゃないです or ではありません?

All of these are polite. じゃないです is the everyday one. じゃありません is more formal, and writing and announcements have ではありません, with the past ではありませんでした.

Before a noun

な goes between the adjective and the noun. Straight before です or だ there is no な.

Not said: きれい部屋へやですね。

(What a clean room.)

きれいな部屋へやですね.

Not said: この町まちは静しずかなです。

(This town is quiet.)

静しずかです.

Which kind is it?

Every い-adjective ends in い, so 静しずか and 便べん利り can't be one. The catch is a few な-adjectives that end in い as well. The three you meet first are きれい (pretty, clean), 嫌きらい (disliked) and 有ゆう名めい (famous).

This room isn't spacious.

広ひろい is an い-adjective: its ending changes.

This room isn't clean.

きれい is a な-adjective: it stays whole, and じゃない follows.

Not said: この部屋へやはきれいくないです。

(This room isn't clean.)

Nor きれくない.

Not said: 花はな火びはきれいかったです。

(The fireworks were beautiful.)

きれいでした.

Close neighbours

高たかい・高たかくないN5

An い-adjective makes its own "not" and "was", takes no だ, and goes straight before a noun.

だ・ですN5

A noun takes the same endings. Before another noun it takes の, not な.

く・にN5

Before a verb a な-adjective takes に: how something is done.

くて・でN5

だ becomes で to join on what comes next: "and".

Check yourself

1"That shop isn't famous."

あの店みせは(  )。

Choose an answer to see why.

2Which one fits?

公こう園えんに(  )花はながあります。

Choose an answer to see why.

3Which is right?

Choose an answer to see why.

More detail

同おなじ

同おなじ (same) is a word of its own kind. It takes だ and じゃない like a な-adjective, but it goes straight before a noun.

な or の?

Some words that are adjectives in English are nouns in Japanese, and take の: 病びょう気きの人ひと, a sick person; 本ほん当とうの話はなし, a true story.

More sentences