Translation guide
How to refer to a Korean person in Japanese, depending on formality, context, and relationship.
Neutral, everyday reference to a person from Korea.
Standard word for a South Korean person. Neutral and widely used.
He is Korean.
I have a Korean friend.
Historically used for all Koreans, but now can be sensitive. Often refers to North Koreans or ethnic Koreans in Japan. Use with caution.
Can be offensive or politically charged. Avoid unless you understand the context.
Korean resident in Japan (often with North Korean affiliation)
When speaking politely or in formal situations.
Informal, often used among friends or in casual conversation.
When the person's nationality is the topic or subject.
Specifically referring to ethnic Koreans who live in Japan, often with complex identity.
When you specifically mean a person from North Korea.
While 朝鮮人 (ちょうせんじん) literally means 'Korean person', it can be offensive due to historical and political connotations. Stick to 韓国人 for South Koreans and 北朝鮮人 for North Koreans.
When you want to be polite, replace 人 (じん) or 人 (ひと) with 方 (かた). This is especially important in customer service or formal introductions.
あいつ、韓国だって。
That guy is Korean, I heard. (very casual)
Refers to ethnic Koreans in Japan who identify with North Korea. Politically sensitive.
Use only when the distinction is necessary and understood.
School for Korean residents (affiliated with North Korea)
I had a chance to talk with a North Korean person.