Translation guide
The concept of selfless concern for the well-being of others. In Japanese, this is often expressed through specific terms for self-sacrifice, devotion, or the philosophical ideal of benefiting others, as well as through descriptive phrases.
Expressing the general concept of acting for the good of others without expecting personal gain.
The standard translation for 'altruism' as a philosophical or ethical principle. Common in academic and formal contexts.
His actions are based on altruism.
An adjective meaning 'altruistic'. Used to describe actions, attitudes, or people.
She is a very altruistic person.
A less common synonym for 利他主義, sometimes used in psychological or philosophical contexts. Rarely encountered in everyday language.
Altruism is an important concept in moral philosophy.
Emphasizing the act of sacrificing one's own interests for the sake of others.
Literally 'self-sacrifice'. This is the most common way to express the idea of giving up one's own needs or desires for others. It carries a strong emotional weight and is often used in personal relationships or heroic narratives.
I cannot thank my parents enough for their self-sacrifice.
A formal, somewhat old-fashioned term meaning 'selfless devotion to public duty'. It implies sacrificing personal interests for the greater good, often associated with samurai ethics or corporate loyalty. Use with caution as it can sound extreme or dated.
Focusing on the emotional aspect of caring deeply for others and acting on that care.
Means 'devotion' or 'dedication'. It implies giving one's time, energy, or life to a cause or person. Often used for caregivers, volunteers, or professionals like nurses.
Her devotion to her patients is wonderful.
A common phrase meaning 'to devote oneself to others' or 'to do everything one can for others'. It is a natural, everyday way to describe altruistic behavior.
He is always devoting himself to others.
Expressing the ideal of working for the welfare of all sentient beings, often found in Buddhist or ethical contexts.
A concise term meaning 'benefiting others', central to Mahayana Buddhism. It is often contrasted with 自利 (self-benefit). Used in religious, philosophical, and sometimes secular ethical discussions.
In Buddhism, the spirit of benefiting others is valued.
A Buddhist term meaning 'benefiting oneself and others'. It expresses the ideal that true self-benefit comes from benefiting others. Sometimes used in modern self-help or business contexts.
利他主義 is the abstract philosophical concept of altruism. 自己犠牲 emphasizes the sacrifice aspect, often with an emotional tone. 献身 focuses on dedicated, caring action without necessarily implying loss. Choose based on whether you want to highlight the idea, the sacrifice, or the devotion.
Altruism is a theory, but self-sacrifice is practice.
Using 利他主義 in casual conversation can sound overly academic or stiff. Instead, describe the action or attitude with phrases like 人のために尽くす or 自分より他人を優先する (prioritize others over oneself).
She showed great altruism by donating her kidney.
Here 自己犠牲 fits better than 利他主義 because it's a concrete act of sacrifice.
He continued volunteering with a spirit of self-sacrifice.
It is said that the spirit of selfless devotion supported Japan's high economic growth.
Aim for social contribution with the spirit of benefiting both self and others.