Translation guide
The English word "compassion" refers to a feeling of deep sympathy and concern for others, often accompanied by a desire to help. In Japanese, this concept is expressed through several words and phrases that emphasize different aspects: emotional sympathy, pity, mercy, or active kindness. The most common and versatile term is 思いやり (omoiyari), which implies considerate, empathetic action. Other terms like 同情 (dōjō) focus on pity or sympathy, while 慈悲 (jihi) is often used in religious or philosophical contexts. This guide helps learners choose the right expression based on the nuance and situation.
Expressing a warm, proactive concern for others' feelings and needs, often leading to thoughtful actions.
The most common and natural word for 'compassion' in everyday Japanese. It implies not just feeling sympathy but also acting with consideration and kindness. It is a positive, warm trait.
She always treats people with compassion.
Means 'kindness' or 'gentleness'. While not a direct translation of 'compassion', it often overlaps in contexts where compassion is expressed through gentle, caring behavior.
I was moved by his compassion/kindness.
Feeling sorry for someone's misfortune or pain, often from a position of understanding their situation.
A deep, often spiritual or philosophical compassion, such as that of a deity or an enlightened being.
Often used in Buddhist contexts for 'mercy' or 'compassion'. It implies a profound, unconditional compassion. In everyday language, it can sound formal or religious.
Referring to compassion in a broad, abstract sense, often in discussions of ethics, leadership, or social values.
思いやり (omoiyari) is proactive, considerate compassion that leads to kind actions. 同情 (dōjō) is more passive, feeling sorry for someone. If you want to say 'He showed compassion by helping', use 思いやり. If you mean 'I felt compassion for his situation', 同情 might fit, but be aware it can sound pitying.
English 'compassion' covers a wide range. Directly translating it as 同情 in all cases can make you sound condescending. When in doubt, 思いやり is the safest, most positive choice.
Compassionate actions are important.
The standard word for 'sympathy' or 'pity'. It can imply a slight distance or a superior position (feeling sorry for someone), so it may not always convey the warmth of 'compassion'. Use with care.
同情 can sometimes sound condescending. For a warmer, more equal sense of compassion, 思いやり is often better.
I felt compassion (sympathy) hearing his story.
If you feel sorry for me, give me money. (a famous line meaning 'sympathy alone doesn't help')
Means 'pity' or 'mercy', often with a nuance of looking down on someone. It can sound old-fashioned or literary. Not recommended for everyday 'compassion'.
He looked at me with pity/compassion.
仏の慈悲にすがる。
To rely on the Buddha's compassion.
An act of deep compassion
Can mean 'compassion', 'mercy', or 'sympathy', but often implies a sense of obligation or human feeling. It is used in set phrases like 情けをかける (to show mercy).
Compassion is not for the sake of others (it will come back to you). (proverb)
Means 'empathy' or 'sympathy'. It emphasizes sharing another's feelings. While not exactly 'compassion', it is often used in similar contexts, especially in modern psychology or business.
Leaders need compassion/empathy.
Literally 'love for humanity'. It conveys a broad, philosophical compassion for all people.
His actions are based on deep compassion for humanity.