Translation guide
The English phrase "bad faith" refers to dishonesty, insincerity, or an intent to deceive, often in legal, philosophical, or interpersonal contexts. In Japanese, there is no single direct equivalent; the best translation depends on the specific nuance.
To describe someone acting with hidden dishonest intentions, not being straightforward, or pretending to be fair while actually being deceptive.
A general term for insincerity or lack of good faith. Often used in formal contexts like business or legal settings.
I was disappointed by his bad faith attitude.
Literally "lacks sincerity." A natural way to say someone is not acting in good faith.
I don't sense any good faith in his response.
Means "malice" or "ill will." Can be used when bad faith involves intentional harm, but is stronger than mere insincerity.
「悪意」 implies a stronger negative intent than "bad faith" sometimes does. Use when the deception is clearly malicious.
Means "cannot be trusted." A common way to describe someone acting in bad faith.
That company acts in bad faith.
Used in legal contexts to describe a party that intentionally fails to meet obligations or deceives the other party.
Refers to Jean-Paul Sartre's concept of "mauvaise foi," where one deceives oneself to avoid the anguish of absolute freedom.
There is no single Japanese word that covers all uses of "bad faith." Translating it as 「悪い信仰」 or 「バッドフェイス」 would be nonsensical. Always consider the specific meaning you want to convey.
「不誠実」 (insincerity) is closer to the general idea of bad faith as lack of honesty. 「悪意」 (malice) implies a stronger, more intentional desire to harm. Use 「悪意」 only when the bad faith is clearly malicious.
I can't work with someone who operates in bad faith.
Everyday expression of distrust
彼は悪意を持って交渉に臨んだ。
He entered the negotiations in bad faith.
Bad faith conduct in a contract can lead to damages.
His actions are based on bad faith.