Translation guide
How to express that something is damaged, broken, or harmed in Japanese, depending on what is damaged and how.
Something is physically broken, cracked, scratched, or otherwise harmed.
General word for something breaking or being broken, often implying it no longer functions properly. Intransitive.
My computer broke.
The window glass is broken.
To be scratched, scarred, or damaged superficially. Can also be used for emotional hurt.
The car got scratched.
Formal/technical term for being damaged, often used in reports or official contexts.
If the product is damaged, you can return it.
A part of the body is injured or harmed.
Someone's reputation, honor, or public image is damaged.
Someone's feelings are hurt.
壊れる is for functional breakage (machines, objects). 傷つく is for surface damage, injuries, or emotional hurt. Don't use 壊れる for feelings.
My smartphone broke.
My pride was hurt.
English 'be damaged' covers many situations, but Japanese uses different verbs. Don't force one word for all contexts.