Translation guide
The system of government by officials, often associated with excessive rules and red tape.
The system of government by departments and officials, often implying inefficiency or excessive rules.
The formal term for the bureaucratic system, neutral in tone.
Japan's bureaucracy is complex.
Emphasizes the ideology or excessive adherence to bureaucratic procedures, often negative.
Bureaucracy is hindering reform.
Colloquial term for bureaucratic red tape or officialdom, often with a negative connotation.
The procedures are slow because of bureaucracy.
Literally 'government office', can imply the bureaucratic system in context.
I'm having trouble with the bureaucracy's response.
The frustrating aspect of bureaucracy: too many rules, forms, and delays.
The people who work in the bureaucracy, often seen as a group.
官僚制 (かんりょうせい) is the neutral, academic term for the bureaucratic system. お役所仕事 (おやくしょしごと) is a colloquial, negative term for red tape and inefficiency. Use お役所仕事 when complaining about bureaucracy in daily life.
Directly translating 'bureaucracy' as 官僚制 in casual conversation may sound overly formal or technical. In everyday complaints, お役所仕事 or describing the situation (e.g., 手続きが煩雑) is more natural.
Formal, literary term for excessive red tape and formalities.
Eliminate bureaucracy and aim for efficiency.
役人たちは規則に厳しい。
The bureaucracy is strict about rules.