Translation guide
The English word 'calendar' refers to a system for organizing days, or a physical/digital object showing dates. In Japanese, the most common word is カレンダー, but there are other terms depending on context.
Referring to a calendar as an object that displays days, weeks, and months, such as a wall calendar, desk calendar, or calendar app.
The most common and general word for a calendar in everyday life. Used for physical calendars (wall, desk) and digital calendars (smartphone, PC).
壁にカレンダーを掛けた。
I hung a calendar on the wall.
スマホのカレンダーに予定を入れた。
I added an event to my phone's calendar.
A more traditional or literary word for calendar, often referring to the system of tracking days, or a printed almanac-style calendar. Can sound old-fashioned or poetic in daily conversation.
古い暦を見ていたら、昔の行事が載っていた。
Looking at an old calendar, I found traditional events listed.
Referring to the system of dividing time into years, months, and days, such as the Gregorian calendar or lunar calendar.
Used for calendar systems. Often appears in compounds like 太陽暦 (solar calendar) or 太陰暦 (lunar calendar).
日本では太陽暦が使われている。
The solar calendar is used in Japan.
旧暦は太陰太陽暦です。
The old calendar is a lunisolar calendar.
Sometimes used in technical contexts (e.g., 'calendar system' as カレンダーシステム), but 暦 is more precise.
Referring to a personal organizer or appointment book used for planning.
A pocket notebook or planner, often with calendar pages. Very common for personal scheduling.
来年の手帳を買った。
I bought a planner for next year.
手帳に予定を書き込む。
I write appointments in my planner.
Sometimes used for a booklet-style calendar, but 手帳 or スケジュール帳 is clearer for a personal planner.
Referring to a period of time as defined by a calendar, such as a calendar year or fiscal year.
Calendar year (January 1 to December 31). Used in official or business contexts.
暦年での売上を集計する。
We tally sales by calendar year.
Fiscal year or academic year, which may not align with the calendar year. Often used in business and education.
カレンダー is the everyday word for a physical or digital calendar. 暦 is more about the system of timekeeping and can sound traditional or technical. Use カレンダー for most daily situations.
If you mean a personal planner or appointment book, 手帳 is the most natural word. カレンダー can be understood but may sound like a wall calendar.
このアプリは複数のカレンダーシステムに対応している。
This app supports multiple calendar systems.
Literally 'schedule book', a planner focused on time management. Slightly more business-like than 手帳.
スケジュール帳を確認してください。
Please check your schedule book.
薄いカレンダーを手帳代わりに使っている。
I use a thin calendar as a substitute for a planner.
The Japanese fiscal year starts in April.