Translation guide
A lawsuit between private parties, typically seeking money or specific performance rather than criminal penalties.
The most common way to refer to a civil suit in Japanese legal contexts.
Standard term for a civil lawsuit. Used in formal and legal contexts.
He filed a civil suit against his neighbor.
A slightly more descriptive way to say 'civil suit', often used in explanations.
This is a civil suit, not a criminal case.
When the civil nature is clear from context, a more general term for lawsuit can be used.
When the nature of the civil suit is more specific, such as for damages or an injunction.
民事訴訟 (civil suit) is between private parties, while 刑事訴訟 (criminal case) is brought by the state. The distinction is important because the procedures and outcomes differ.
彼は損害賠償の裁判を起こした。
He filed a lawsuit for damages.
The residents filed a civil suit for an injunction against the factory.