Translation guide
The word 'climate' can refer to long-term weather patterns of a region, or metaphorically to the prevailing atmosphere or mood in a situation. This guide covers both literal and figurative uses.
Referring to the typical weather conditions of an area over a long period.
Referring to the prevailing psychological or social environment, such as in a workplace or political situation.
気候 (climate) refers to long-term weather patterns, while 天気 (weather) refers to short-term conditions. Do not confuse them.
今日の天気は晴れです。
Today's weather is sunny.
この地域の気候は温暖です。
The climate of this region is mild.
Using 気候 to mean 'atmosphere' or 'mood' is unnatural. Use 雰囲気 or 空気 instead.
Japan's climate has four seasons.
気候変動は深刻な問題です。
Climate change is a serious problem.
Refers to the natural features and climate of a region, often with cultural connotations. More literary than 気候.
この地方の風土は稲作に適している。
The climate of this region is suitable for rice cultivation.
The most common word for 'atmosphere' or 'mood'. Can be used for physical spaces or social situations.
会社の雰囲気はとても良いです。
The climate at the company is very good.
会議の雰囲気が悪くなった。
The climate of the meeting turned sour.
Literally 'air', but often used metaphorically for the mood or atmosphere, especially in phrases like '空気を読む' (read the room).
職場の空気が重い。
The climate at work is tense.
A suffix meaning 'momentum' or 'climate' in the sense of a growing trend or movement. Often used in formal or journalistic contexts.
改革の気運が高まっている。
The climate for reform is growing.