Translation guide
The English verb 'compete' covers a range of situations from formal contests to everyday rivalry. In Japanese, the best choice depends on what kind of competition it is and how direct the conflict is.
To participate in a competition such as a sports match, tournament, or formal contest.
General verb for competing, striving against others. Often used in compound verbs or with a target.
They are competing in speed.
More formal, specifically for athletic or sporting events.
He competes in the Olympics.
To participate in a competition, emphasizing entry or appearance rather than the act of competing.
She will compete in the national tournament.
To vie with others for something like a prize, position, or business advantage.
Implies a struggle or conflict over something. Can be used for disputes, fights, or intense competition.
They are competing for market share.
Common for economic or business competition, or any race-like rivalry.
Many companies compete on price.
To compete with someone in a personal, often emotional way; can imply rivalry or trying to outdo each other.
To be comparable in quality or ability, often used in negative or comparative sentences.
競う (kisou) is a general verb for competing, often in skills or speed. 争う (arasou) implies conflict or struggle over something, and can be used for disputes. 競争する (kyousou suru) is common for business, sports races, or any structured competition.
In many contexts, especially when talking about participating in an event, Japanese uses verbs like 出る (deru) or 参加する (sanka suru) instead of a direct 'compete' verb. For example, 'I'm competing in a marathon' is often マラソンに出ます (marason ni demasu).
彼はいつも兄と張り合っている。
He is always competing with his older brother.
She competes with top researchers.