Translation guide
Expressions of sympathy for someone's loss, especially after a death. Japanese condolences are highly ritualized, with set phrases for different situations and relationships.
The most common situation: offering condolences to someone who has lost a family member or close person.
Standard, polite expression used when speaking directly to the bereaved. Suitable for most situations.
この度はご愁傷様です。
Please accept my condolences on your recent loss.
Very formal and respectful. Often used in written condolences, telegrams, or when speaking to someone of higher status.
心よりお悔やみ申し上げます。
I offer my deepest condolences.
Literally 'I pray for the repose of your soul.' Commonly used in both spoken and written condolences, but slightly more formal.
故人のご冥福をお祈りします。
I pray for the soul of the deceased.
A softer, more personal expression of sympathy. Appropriate for close friends or colleagues, but can be used in semi-formal settings.
この度は大変でしたね。何かお手伝いできることがあれば言ってください。
You've been through a lot. Please let me know if there's anything I can do to help.
Can express sympathy, but is more general and can sound casual or even patronizing in the context of death. Use with caution; better suited for minor misfortunes.
Avoid using this for a death unless you are very close to the person and the situation is informal. It can sound dismissive.
お気の毒に…
That's so sad...
Formal written expressions used in condolence letters, funeral telegrams, or memorial cards.
Very formal written opening. Standard for condolence letters.
謹んでお悔やみ申し上げますとともに、故人のご冥福をお祈りいたします。
With deepest sympathy, I pray for the soul of the deceased.
Formal written expression meaning 'I express my condolences.' Often used in official statements or letters.
ここに謹んで哀悼の意を表します。
I hereby express my heartfelt condolences.
Phrases used when greeting the bereaved family at a funeral or wake (otsuya).
Very polite version of 'go-shūshō-sama desu,' used in formal funeral settings.
この度はご愁傷様でございます。
Please accept my deepest condolences.
Also appropriate at funerals, though slightly less common than the above in direct greeting.
お悔やみ申し上げます。
My condolences.
Referring to the act of giving condolences, such as sending flowers or a monetary offering.
Noun meaning 'condolence' or 'sympathy.' Used in phrases like 'o-kuyami no koden' (condolence money).
お悔やみの気持ちとして花を贈りました。
I sent flowers as a token of sympathy.
Specifically refers to the monetary offering given at a funeral. Not a direct translation of 'condolence,' but essential in the context.
English phrases like 'I'm sorry for your loss' do not translate directly into natural Japanese. Use the set phrases above. Saying '失ってごめんなさい' is incorrect.
Bowing deeply and offering a small gift or monetary offering (kōden) is often more important than words. The phrases are usually accompanied by a bow.
ご愁傷様 (go-shūshō-sama) is more common in spoken condolences, while お悔やみ (o-kuyami) is used in both spoken and written forms. お悔やみ申し上げます is the most formal spoken version.
香典をお渡ししました。
I gave a condolence offering.