Translation guide
The English word "consultation" covers several distinct situations: seeking expert advice, formal discussions between parties, and the act of referring to a source. Japanese uses different words and phrases for each, and the most natural choice depends heavily on context.
When you consult a doctor, lawyer, specialist, or counselor for their opinion or guidance.
The most common and versatile word for seeking advice or discussing a problem with someone. Used for both personal and professional contexts.
Please consult a doctor.
I booked a consultation with a lawyer.
Literally 'to ask for an opinion'. Used when you want someone's view or advice, often in a less formal setting.
You should consult an expert.
Specifically means 'seeing a doctor' or 'having a medical examination'. Used in medical contexts.
Early consultation (seeing a doctor) is important.
When two or more parties hold a formal meeting to discuss a matter, often with the goal of reaching an agreement or making a decision.
Formal discussion or deliberation, often between organizations, governments, or in business settings.
The two countries held consultations on the trade agreement.
As a result of the consultation, the plan was postponed.
A discussion or talk aimed at resolving an issue. Less formal than 協議, but still implies a mutual exchange.
Deliberation or discussion, especially in a formal committee or legislative body.
When you consult a dictionary, map, manual, or other reference material.
To refer to or consult a source. Commonly used with documents, books, websites.
Please consult the manual for details.
I read the article while consulting a dictionary.
To look up or check. A more casual way to say 'consult' for information.
Specifically 'to look up (a word) in a dictionary'. Very common for dictionary use.
相談 is used when one party seeks advice or discusses a problem with another, often with a sense of personal involvement. 協議 is used for formal, often mutual, discussions between parties on an equal footing, such as business or diplomatic talks.
I consulted a friend about my career path.
We held consultations with the client about the contract terms.
相談 implies discussing a problem or seeking advice from a person. For consulting a dictionary or reference, use 参照する or 調べる.
Consultations between labor and management are ongoing.
The bill is under consultation in the Diet.
わからない言葉は辞書で調べてください。
Please consult a dictionary for words you don't understand.
I consulted the dictionary for the unknown word.