Translation guide
The English word "decided" can describe a firm decision, a clear outcome, or a determined attitude. In Japanese, the most common equivalent is 決める (to decide) or its passive/resultative forms. This guide covers how to express these nuances naturally.
Expressing that a person has resolved to do something or has settled on a choice.
The basic verb meaning 'to decide'. Use in active sentences when the subject makes a decision.
I decided to study abroad.
Implies a strong resolution or determination, often for a significant life choice.
He decided to change jobs (with determination).
An idiomatic phrase meaning 'to make up one's mind' or 'to resolve oneself', often used when facing a difficult situation.
I made up my mind and talked to my boss.
Describing a plan, date, or outcome that has been decided and is no longer open to change.
The te-iru form of 決まる (intransitive) meaning 'has been decided' or 'is fixed'. Use for schedules, rules, or outcomes.
The date and time of the meeting have already been decided.
More formal than 決まっている, often used in official or business contexts.
The policy has already been decided.
An adjective meaning 'pre-established' or 'predetermined', used in formal or technical contexts.
Please follow the predetermined rules.
Describing a person's firm and unwavering mindset.
An adjective meaning 'firm' or 'resolute', often used to describe attitudes or actions.
He refused with a decided attitude.
Describes a clear-cut, decisive manner, often in speech or behavior.
She answered in a decided tone.
決める is transitive (someone decides something), while 決まる is intransitive (something is decided). Use 決める when emphasizing the decision-maker, and 決まる when the focus is on the result or state.
I will decide the date.
The date has been decided.
English often uses 'decided' as an adjective (e.g., 'a decided advantage'), but Japanese does not have a direct equivalent. Instead, use adverbs like 明らかに (clearly) or 断然 (definitely).
I haven't decided yet.