Translation guide
The English verb "declare" covers a range of speech acts from formal official announcements to casual personal statements. Japanese uses different verbs and patterns depending on the context, formality, and what is being declared.
The government declared a state of emergency.
They declared independence.
Used specifically for promulgating laws, ordinances, or official documents.
The new law was declared (promulgated).
Often used for judicial sentences or solemn pronouncements (e.g., death sentence, bankruptcy).
The judge declared the verdict.
To say something strongly and confidently, often in a personal context.
To assert or declare with certainty. Common in both spoken and written Japanese.
He declared that he was innocent.
I can declare that it's the truth.
To declare definitively, leaving no room for doubt. Slightly more casual than 断言する.
To state clearly or explicitly. Often used when someone makes their position or intention clear.
The prime minister declared that he would not raise taxes.
To officially report goods or income to authorities.
The standard term for declaring taxable income or customs items.
Please declare your belongings at customs.
He under-declared his income.
To announce a specific action or state in a game.
To confess romantic feelings or strong emotions.
宣言する is for formal public declarations (war, independence). 断言する is for personal assertions. 申告する is for official reports to authorities (tax, customs). Using the wrong one can sound unnatural or cause confusion.
English speakers often overuse 宣言する for any kind of statement. In casual conversation, it can sound overly dramatic. Use 言う or 断言する for everyday declarations.
He declared that he would never give up.
Do you have anything to declare?
彼女は絶対に大丈夫だと言い切った。
She declared that it would definitely be fine.