Translation guide
The English word "state" covers several distinct meanings: a condition or status, a political entity, a ceremonial or governmental display, and the act of expressing something clearly. Each meaning maps to different Japanese words and patterns.
Describing the current condition, situation, or status of something or someone.
The most common and general word for "state" or "condition." Used for physical, mental, or situational states.
The road is in bad condition.
His mental state is stable.
Refers to the appearance or visible state of something, often implying observation. Softer than 状態.
Please go check on the patient's condition.
Refers to the state of affairs or circumstances, often in a broader context.
Please explain the current situation.
A more literary or dramatic word for "state" or "condition," often with a negative connotation.
What a state this is!
Referring to a nation, country, or a political division within a federal system.
The standard word for a sovereign state or nation. Used in formal and political contexts.
The common word for "country." Less formal than 国家, but can also mean "state" in general contexts.
Used for states within a federal system, like U.S. states or Australian states.
Referring to pomp, ceremony, or official dignity, often in phrases like "state visit" or "lie in state."
The prefix 公式 (official) is used to express "state" in contexts like state visits or state functions.
The president came to Japan on a state visit.
Specifically means "state funeral."
To state something, i.e., to express in words or writing.
The most direct verb for "to state" in a formal or written context.
He stated his opinion.
The general verb for "to say." Can be used for "state" in casual contexts, but less formal.
To state clearly or declare explicitly.
The president clearly stated the goal.
状態 (じょうたい) refers to the condition of a specific thing or person, while 状況 (じょうきょう) refers to the broader circumstances or situation. Using 状況 for a person's health would sound odd.
When referring to a political entity, 国家 (こっか) is more formal and abstract, while 国 (くに) is the everyday word. For U.S. states, always use 州 (しゅう).
The building is in a terrible state.
She stated her name clearly.
I want to go to a foreign country.
The state of California is large.
元首相の国葬が行われた。
A state funeral was held for the former prime minister.
He stated "no."