Translation guide
In Japanese, showing deference is deeply embedded in the language through honorifics, humble forms, and indirect expressions. Rather than a single word, it is a cultural and linguistic practice of lowering oneself or elevating others to show respect.
Expressing a respectful, yielding attitude toward someone's opinion, wishes, or status.
A general noun meaning 'respect' or 'deference'. Often used in formal contexts.
彼は上司に敬意を払っている。
He shows deference to his boss.
A common phrase meaning to show respect or deference by putting the other person first, often by being humble about oneself.
会話ではいつも相手を立てるようにしている。
I always try to show deference to the other person in conversation.
Refers to humility or self-effacement, often used in the context of 'kenjougo' (humble language).
謙譲の美徳を重んじる。
They value the virtue of deference (humility).
Often translated as 'restraint' or 'reserve', but implies deference by holding back one's own desires out of respect for others.
遠慮して何も言わなかった。
Out of deference, I didn't say anything.
Expressing deference through specific polite or honorific speech patterns.
Sonkeigo is used to show respect to someone of higher status. Verbs are changed to honorific forms.
社長はもうお帰りになりました。
The company president has already left (deferential).
Kenjougo humbles the speaker's actions, indirectly showing deference to the listener or a third party.
私がご説明いたします。
I will explain (humble/deferential).
The basic polite form shows general social deference and is essential in most formal or unfamiliar situations.
お名前は何ですか。
What is your name? (polite)
Showing deference by avoiding direct statements, using hedging or softening expressions.
A passive/indirect way to express an opinion deferentially, similar to 'it is thought that...'
この計画は難しいと思われます。
It seems this plan is difficult (deferential).
A humble expression meaning 'allow me to do', showing deference by seeking implicit permission.
先に帰らせていただきます。
I will take my leave first (deferential).
A set phrase meaning 'I'm sorry to trouble you, but...' used to show deference when making a request.
お手数ですが、この書類をご確認ください。
I'm sorry to trouble you, but please check these documents.
English 'deference' as a noun is not commonly used in everyday Japanese. Instead, the concept is expressed through verbs, set phrases, and grammatical forms. Using 敬意 directly may sound overly formal or literary.
Bowing, timing of speech, and indirect refusal are all part of showing deference. Language is only one aspect.