Translation guide
The English word 'dream' refers to both the mental experiences during sleep and aspirations or hopes. Japanese uses different words for these meanings, and the verb forms differ as well.
Referring to the images, thoughts, and sensations experienced while sleeping.
The most common and general word for a dream during sleep. Can be used as a noun.
I had a scary dream last night.
I don't remember the content of the dream.
The standard verb phrase meaning 'to dream' (literally 'to see a dream'). Used for both sleeping dreams and daydreams.
I have the same dream every night.
Specifically means 'nightmare' or 'bad dream'.
I had a nightmare. (I was tormented by a nightmare.)
A dream that comes true in reality. Often used in superstitious contexts.
I hope this dream comes true.
Referring to a cherished desire, ambition, or ideal for the future.
The same word as for sleeping dreams, but context distinguishes the meaning. Very common for personal aspirations.
My dream is to become a doctor.
Means 'ideal' or 'dream' in the sense of a perfect vision. More formal and abstract than 夢.
Means 'longing' or 'admiration'. Often used for dreams that involve admiring someone or something.
Means 'hope' or 'wish'. Can be used for dreams in the sense of something hoped for.
Referring to pleasant thoughts that distract from the present, or imagining something unrealistic.
Describing something as perfect, like a dream come true.
The phrase 夢を見る (to see a dream) is only used for sleeping dreams or daydreams. To say 'I have a dream' in the sense of an aspiration, use 夢がある or 夢を持つ.
I have a dream. (aspiration)
夢 is the most common and personal. 理想 is more abstract and formal, often used for societal or philosophical ideals. 希望 is closer to 'hope' and can be used in more concrete situations like job applications.
I had a strange dream last night.
My dream is to travel around the world.
Stop daydreaming and focus!
To pursue one's dreams.
理想の社会を築く。
To build an ideal society.
彼女はパリに憧れている。
She dreams of Paris. (She longs for Paris.)
将来の希望を語る。
To talk about one's dreams for the future.
That's just a daydream.
Means 'dreamy state of mind' or 'feeling as if in a dream'. Used for a blissful, unreal feeling.
I spent the day in a dreamy state.