Translation guide
The English word "established" covers several distinct meanings, from setting up an organization to proving a fact or describing something widely accepted. This guide breaks down these meanings and provides natural Japanese equivalents.
To create or start something like a company, institution, rule, or relationship.
The most common and neutral verb for establishing an organization, company, or institution.
He established a new company.
Often used for founding something with a pioneering or creative spirit, like a university, museum, or award.
This university was established in 1920.
Used for establishing abstract things like records, theories, or diplomatic relations. Formal and somewhat literary.
The two countries established diplomatic relations.
To show something is true or valid through evidence or argument.
The standard verb for proving a fact or case, especially in legal or formal contexts.
His innocence was established.
A broader word for proving or demonstrating something. Can be used in everyday contexts.
The theory has not been established yet.
Often used for establishing a fact, reputation, or status firmly. Implies solidification.
To describe something that is widely known, accepted, or settled over time.
Means to become established as a custom, practice, or word. Commonly used for new things that become standard.
The custom has become firmly established in Japan.
Passive form often used when a system, method, or reputation is established by someone or over time.
The treatment method has not been established yet.
Literally "widely recognized," this phrase conveys that something is established as fact or common knowledge.
A pre-noun adjectival meaning "established" or "existing," often used in phrases like "established order" or "established fact."
He challenged the established order.
To describe someone or something that has a long-standing, reputable status.
Refers to a long-established store or business, implying trust and tradition. Can also be used metaphorically.
That shop is an established business dating back to the Edo period.
Used as a modifier for reputation, status, brand, etc. that is firmly established.
He is an established author.
Means "having an established reputation." Often used for products or professionals.
This is an established product (with a proven reputation).
Both mean "to establish," but 設立する is the general term for setting up organizations, while 創設する carries a nuance of creation or pioneering, often used for universities, foundations, or awards.
While 既成の事実 is possible, it's more natural to say 定説 (established theory) or 周知の事実 (widely known fact) depending on context. Using 確立された事実 is also acceptable but can sound stiff.
The company was established in 1990.
It is an established fact that smoking causes cancer.
定説 is a common way to say "established theory/fact" in academic contexts.
He established a solid position in the field.
It is well established that smoking is bad for your health.