Translation guide
The English word 'female' can refer to biological sex, gender identity, or be used as a technical term. In Japanese, the most common and natural way to express this concept depends heavily on context. Direct translations like 女性 (じょせい) or 女 (おんな) exist, but they are not always appropriate. This guide helps you choose the right expression.
Referring to a female human being in a neutral or respectful way.
The standard, polite term for 'woman' or 'female'. Suitable for most contexts, including formal writing and speech.
There are many female employees in this company.
A common, slightly more casual way to say 'woman' or 'female person'. Often used in spoken Japanese.
Often used for 'girl' or 'young woman', but also appears in compounds like 女子トイレ (women's restroom). Can sound somewhat official or categorical.
Specifying the sex of non-human creatures or organisms.
The standard term for female animals and plants. Avoid using for humans as it is considered rude.
Used in forms, surveys, medical documents, or data where 'female' is a category.
Also used in technical contexts for humans. For example, on a form, '性別: 男性・女性' (Gender: Male/Female).
Using 'female' as a noun to refer to a woman, which can sound impersonal or offensive in English. Japanese has similar nuances.
Describing a connector or fitting that receives a male part.
Used for mechanical parts, just like in English. Often in compounds like 雌ねじ (female screw).
While 雌 is the correct biological term for female animals, using it to refer to women is extremely rude and dehumanizing. Always use 女性 or 女の人 for people.
女 is the most basic word for 'woman' but can sound blunt or impolite. 女性 is the standard polite term. 女の人 is a common, slightly softer alternative in conversation. When in doubt, use 女性.
women-only train car
Who is that woman?
The women's locker room is this way.
This dog is female.
female flower
Katakana version often used in scientific or veterinary contexts, or for emphasis. Same usage as 雌.
I have a female cat.
Please select your gender: Male / Female
A biological term meaning 'female sex' or 'femininity' in a scientific sense. Rare in everyday language.
female hormone
Can be blunt or rude when used alone to refer to a woman. Sometimes used in set phrases or rough speech. Generally avoid unless you are familiar with the nuance.
Using 女 by itself to refer to a woman can be considered impolite. Use 女性 or 女の人 instead.
Who's that woman? (rough, masculine)
This connector is female.