Translation guide
The English word 'male' can refer to biological sex, gender, or be used as a noun or adjective. In Japanese, the most common and natural ways to express this depend on context: for people, 男性 (dansei) is the standard term; for animals, 雄 (osu) is used; and for plants, 雄花 (obana) etc. Be careful with direct translations, as some English uses of 'male' sound unnatural if translated literally.
Referring to a man or boy, or describing something as related to men.
Standard, neutral term for 'male' as a person or gender. Can be used as a noun or adjective.
This gym is for males only.
Male nurses are also increasing.
Casual, everyday word for 'man' or 'male'. Often used in compounds or informal speech.
Who is that male person?
A male child was born.
Often used for 'male' in contexts like students, sports, or statistics. Slightly formal.
The number of male students is decreasing.
The male restroom is over there.
Literally 'male' for animals, but sometimes used colloquially for people in a rough or humorous way. Avoid in polite conversation.
Using 雄 for people can sound crude or objectifying.
That guy is really a male (macho).
Specifying the sex of an animal.
Referring to male reproductive parts in botany.
Describing a connector with pins or protrusions.
English often uses 'male' as an adjective (e.g., male friend, male teacher). In Japanese, it's more natural to use 男性の (dansei no) or rephrase. Saying 男の友達 (otoko no tomodachi) is common, but 男性の友達 is also fine. Avoid directly translating 'male nurse' as 男看護師; instead say 男性看護師 (dansei kangoshi).
男性 (dansei) is the most neutral and polite term for adult males. 男 (otoko) is casual and can sound rough if used in formal settings. 男子 (danshi) is often used for boys or in statistical/formal contexts like 'male students' (男子学生). Choose based on formality and age.
I have a male cat.
They developed a male-sterile strain.